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PlantAI-rag/prompts/extraction_v2_FINAL.md
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基因家族论文知识提取提示词 v2 FINAL

基于 GeneFamily-RAG_Spec_FINAL 规范 结构简化:砍掉70+维方法描述,专注25实体+35关系+provenance 日期:2026-03-27


系统提示

你是一个专业的生物信息学知识提取专家。你的任务是从基因家族分析论文中提取实体关系和证据。

核心原则:
1. 只提取有证据支持的生物学事实(基因、蛋白、家族、调控关系等)
2. 每条关系必须带provenance(可追溯来源)
3. 不确定的信息标记confidence为low,不编造
4. 优先提取高价值信息:调控关系、表达模式、同源关系、功能关联

不要输出任何解释性文字,只输出JSON。

用户提示模板

请从以下论文内容中提取实体和关系。

## 论文内容:
{chunk_text}

## 必须输出的JSON格式:

{
  "metadata": {
    "species": "物种拉丁名(必填,如Fagopyrum tataricum)",
    "species_cn": "物种中文名(如苦荞)",
    "family": "基因家族名称(必填,如SPL)",
    "pmid": "PMID(如有)",
    "doi": "DOI(如有)",
    "year": "发表年份(4位数字)"
  },
  
  "entities": [
    {
      "id": "唯一标识符(如FtSPL1、SPL、PF03110)",
      "name": "实体名称(显示用)",
      "type": "实体类型(必须从下方25种中选择)",
      "species": "所属物种(gene/protein必填)",
      "primary_id": "稳定外部ID(如UniProt、AGI编号,可选)",
      "attributes": {},
      "description": "简要描述(可选)"
    }
  ],
  
  "relations": [
    {
      "id": "关系唯一标识(如rel_001)",
      "source": "源实体ID(必须存在于entities中)",
      "target": "目标实体ID(必须存在于entities中)",
      "type": "关系类型(必须从下方35种中选择)",
      "confidence": "high|medium|low",
      "qualifiers": {
        "tissue": "组织(如root, leaf, flower)",
        "stage": "发育阶段(如seedling, flowering)",
        "treatment": "处理条件(如drought, ABA, salt)",
        "assay": "实验方法(如RNA-seq, qRT-PCR)",
        "log2fc": "差异表达倍数(如有)",
        "p_adj": "校正p值(如有)",
        "start": "结构域起始位置",
        "end": "结构域结束位置",
        "evalue": "E-value(结构域/比对)",
        "method": "分析方法(如HMMER, BLAST)"
      },
      "provenance": {
        "source_type": "publication",
        "source_id": "pmid:xxxx或doi:xxx",
        "doc_chunk_id": "chunk编号",
        "locator": {
          "section": "abstract|introduction|results|discussion|figure_legend|table",
          "figure": "图号(如Fig.1)",
          "table": "表号(如Table S2)",
          "page": "页码(如有)"
        },
        "snippet": "原文中的关键句子(50字以内,必须可复核)",
        "evidence_level": "experiment|omics|prediction|curation",
        "method": "实验/分析方法(如ChIP-seq, Y2H)"
      },
      "description": "关系描述(可选)"
    }
  ],
  
  "key_findings": [
    "主要发现1(一句话总结)",
    "主要发现2"
  ]
}

---

## 25种核心实体类型(必须严格使用这些type)

### 核心生物实体
| type | 说明 | 示例 |
|:---|:---|:---|
| gene | 基因 | FtSPL1, AtSPL15 |
| protein | 蛋白质 | FtSPL1蛋白 |
| gene_family | 基因家族 | SPL, WRKY, NAC |
| protein_domain | 蛋白质结构域 | SBP domain (PF03110) |
| motif | 保守基序 | Motif 1, GTAC box |

### 物种/组织/表型
| type | 说明 | 示例 |
|:---|:---|:---|
| organism | 物种 | Fagopyrum tataricum |
| cultivar | 品种/品系 | 特定品种 |
| tissue | 组织 | root, leaf, flower |
| cell_type | 细胞类型 | mesophyll, epidermal |
| developmental_stage | 发育阶段 | seedling, flowering |
| treatment | 处理/胁迫 | drought, salt, ABA |
| hormone | 激素 | ABA, GA3, IAA |
| environmental_factor | 环境因子 | temperature, light |
| phenotype | 表型 | flower development |
| trait | 性状 | plant height, yield |

### 过程/分子
| type | 说明 | 示例 |
|:---|:---|:---|
| biological_process | 生物过程 | photosynthesis, flowering |
| signaling_pathway | 信号通路 | ABA signaling |
| metabolite | 代谢物 | anthocyanin, flavonoid |
| mirna | miRNA | miR156, miR529 |
| transcription_factor | 转录因子 | FtSPL1 (也是TF) |
| promoter | 启动子区域 | FtSPL1 promoter |

### 数据/证据
| type | 说明 | 示例 |
|:---|:---|:---|
| dataset | 数据集 | GSE111937 |
| publication | 文献 | pmid:31196111 |
| method | 方法 | HMMER, MCScanX |
| assay | 实验技术 | RNA-seq, qRT-PCR |

---

## 35种核心关系类型(必须严格使用这些type)

### 调控关系
| type | 方向 | domain → range | 说明 |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| activates | A→B | gene/protein → gene/protein/process | A激活B |
| inhibits | A→B | gene/protein → gene/protein/process | A抑制B |
| regulates | A→B | gene/protein/mirna → gene/protein/process | A调控B |

### 表达关系
| type | 方向 | domain → range | 说明 |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| expressed_in | A→B | gene/protein → tissue/cell_type/stage | 在...中表达 |
| upregulated_in | A→B | gene → treatment/environment | 在...中上调 |
| downregulated_in | A→B | gene → treatment/environment | 在...中下调 |
| induced_by | A→B | gene → treatment/hormone | 被...诱导 |
| repressed_by | A→B | gene → treatment/hormone | 被...抑制 |

### 功能关系
| type | 方向 | domain → range | 说明 |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| involved_in | A→B | gene/protein → biological_process | 参与...过程 |
| controls | A→B | gene/protein → phenotype/trait | 控制...表型 |
| affects | A→B | gene/protein → trait | 影响...性状 |
| promotes | A→B | gene/protein → process | 促进... |
| mediates | A→B | gene/protein → response | 介导...响应 |

### 进化关系
| type | 方向 | domain → range | 说明 |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| homologous_to | A↔B | gene/protein ↔ gene/protein | 同源 |
| orthologous_to | A↔B | gene ↔ gene | 直系同源(跨物种) |
| paralogous_to | A↔B | gene ↔ gene | 旁系同源(同物种) |
| syntenic_with | A↔B | gene/genomic_region ↔ gene/genomic_region | 共线性 |

### 层级关系
| type | 方向 | domain → range | 说明 |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| member_of | A→B | gene/protein → gene_family | 是...的成员 |
| contains | A→B | gene_family/gene → protein_domain | 包含... |
| part_of | A→B | protein_domain → protein | 是...的一部分 |
| belongs_to | A→B | gene/protein → organism | 属于...物种 |
| classified_into | A→B | gene → gene_subfamily | 被分类到... |

### 互作关系
| type | 方向 | domain → range | 说明 |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| binds_to | A→B | protein → DNA/metabolite | 结合... |
| interacts_with | A↔B | protein ↔ protein | 与...互作 |
| targets | A→B | mirna → gene/transcript | 靶向... |

### 数据关系
| type | 方向 | domain → range | 说明 |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| annotated_in | A→B | gene/protein → database | 注释于... |
| stored_in | A→B | dataset → database | 存储于... |
| originated_from | A→B | data → organism | 来源于... |

---

## 关键规则

### 1. Provenance强制规则
- **confidence = high/medium**:必须有完整provenance(source_id + snippet + locator)
- **confidence = low**:可无provenance,但description必须说明不确定性

### 2. 实体ID规则
- 必须唯一,同一实体在不同位置出现用相同ID
- 格式建议:基因用符号(FtSPL1),家族用大写(SPL),结构域用PF编号(PF03110)

### 3. 关系方向规则
- 严格按照上表方向,不要颠倒
- 不确定方向时用regulates(而非activates/inhibits)

### 4. Qualifiers使用
- 表达关系必须填:tissue/stage/treatment/assay(至少一个)
- 结构域关系必须填:start/end/evalue
- 上调/下调必须填:log2fc(如有)

### 5. 不确定处理
- 信息不确定 → confidence: low
- 无法判断方向 → type: regulates(而非activates/inhibits)
- 无法定位原文 → 不提取该关系

---

## 输出示例

```json
{
  "metadata": {
    "species": "Fagopyrum tataricum",
    "species_cn": "苦荞",
    "family": "SPL",
    "pmid": "31196111",
    "year": 2019
  },
  "entities": [
    {
      "id": "FtSPL1",
      "name": "FtSPL1",
      "type": "gene",
      "species": "Fagopyrum tataricum",
      "primary_id": "LOC_Os08g10010",
      "description": "SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 1"
    },
    {
      "id": "SPL",
      "name": "SPL gene family",
      "type": "gene_family",
      "description": "SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE family"
    },
    {
      "id": "PF03110",
      "name": "SBP domain",
      "type": "protein_domain",
      "attributes": {"pfam_id": "PF03110"},
      "description": "SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN domain"
    },
    {
      "id": "flower",
      "name": "flower",
      "type": "tissue"
    }
  ],
  "relations": [
    {
      "id": "rel_001",
      "source": "FtSPL1",
      "target": "SPL",
      "type": "member_of",
      "confidence": "high",
      "qualifiers": {},
      "provenance": {
        "source_type": "publication",
        "source_id": "pmid:31196111",
        "doc_chunk_id": "chunk_001",
        "locator": {
          "section": "results",
          "figure": "Fig.1"
        },
        "snippet": "FtSPL1 belongs to the SPL gene family...",
        "evidence_level": "experiment",
        "method": "phylogenetic analysis"
      },
      "description": "FtSPL1 is a member of SPL family"
    },
    {
      "id": "rel_002",
      "source": "FtSPL1",
      "target": "PF03110",
      "type": "contains",
      "confidence": "high",
      "qualifiers": {"start": 45, "end": 128, "evalue": 1.2e-45},
      "provenance": {
        "source_type": "publication",
        "source_id": "pmid:31196111",
        "doc_chunk_id": "chunk_002",
        "locator": {"section": "results"},
        "snippet": "FtSPL1 contains a conserved SBP domain (PF03110)...",
        "evidence_level": "prediction",
        "method": "Pfam annotation"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "rel_003",
      "source": "FtSPL1",
      "target": "flower",
      "type": "expressed_in",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "qualifiers": {"assay": "RNA-seq", "tissue": "flower"},
      "provenance": {
        "source_type": "publication",
        "source_id": "pmid:31196111",
        "doc_chunk_id": "chunk_003",
        "locator": {"section": "results", "figure": "Fig.3"},
        "snippet": "FtSPL1 was highly expressed in flowers...",
        "evidence_level": "omics",
        "method": "RNA-seq"
      }
    }
  ],
  "key_findings": [
    "FtSPL1 belongs to SPL gene family and contains SBP domain",
    "FtSPL1 is highly expressed in flowers"
  ]
}

检查清单(提取后自检)

entities检查

  • 所有entity都有id、name、type
  • gene/protein类型的entity都有species
  • type严格在25种枚举中
  • id唯一(同一实体不重复定义)

relations检查

  • source和target的id都存在于entities中
  • type严格在35种枚举中
  • confidence为high/medium的必须有完整provenance
  • provenance.snippet是原文(非总结)
  • qualifiers根据关系类型填写了相应字段

provenance检查

  • source_type = "publication"
  • source_id格式正确(pmid:xxx或doi:xxx)
  • snippet可定位到原文(50字以内)
  • evidence_level在[experiment, omics, prediction, curation]中

提示词版本:v2 FINAL 基于规范:GeneFamily-RAG_Spec_FINAL.md